{"id":9156,"date":"2026-08-15T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-15T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vicusalbus.org\/?page_id=9156"},"modified":"2026-08-15T12:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T10:00:00","slug":"xviii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vicusalbus.org\/?page_id=9156","title":{"rendered":"Siglo XVIII"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un pueblo cuyos vecinos se dedican, en gran parte, a la fabricaci\u00f3n de yeso y piedra, adem\u00e1s del transporte de paja.<\/p>\n

Contexto<\/h2>\n

En comparaci\u00f3n con el decadente siglo XVII, este nuevo siglo supone una \u00e9poca de recuperaci\u00f3n del pa\u00eds. Tras la Guerra de Sucesi\u00f3n, Espa\u00f1a sustituye la dinast\u00eda de los Austrias por la de los Borbones. Felipe V se convierte en el primer rey Borb\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a. Los Borbones hacen una reforma a nivel econ\u00f3mico, pol\u00edtico y social, pasando de una monarqu\u00eda absolutista a un aumento del poder central. El siglo XVIII tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 protagonizado por \u00abLa Ilustraci\u00f3n\u00bb, un movimiento cultural e intelectual.<\/p>\n

El pueblo<\/h2>\n

Gracias a Domingo \u00c1lvarez Valent\u00edn, p\u00e1rroco de \u00abNuestra Se\u00f1ora de la Antigua\u00bb, hemos podido adquirir una descripci\u00f3n detallada de la vida de Vic\u00e1lvaro durante el siglo XVIII. Seg\u00fan su escrito, Vic\u00e1lvaro era un pueblo con aproximadamente cuatrocientos habitantes. En \u00e9l hab\u00eda tres ermitas, una parroquia y cinco fuentes. Se cultivaban cebada, guisantes, garbanzos, avena, habas y uvas; el ganado era en su mayor\u00eda lanar.<\/p>\n

Muchas de las tierras de Vic\u00e1lvaro eran propiedad de la Villa de Madrid bajo arrendamiento de algunos vecinos. Segu\u00eda en pie el hospital caritativo donde se trataba a los mendigos enfermos. Se estima que al a\u00f1o mor\u00edan alrededor de 50 vecinos y nac\u00edan otros 70. El sector panadero segu\u00eda manteniendo una gran relevancia como principal industria de Vic\u00e1lvaro, aunque su aportaci\u00f3n a la Villa de Madrid compon\u00eda la escasa cifra del 0,4 % del consumo de pan.<\/p>\n

La \u00abIlustraci\u00f3n\u00bb para la cultura agraria<\/h2>\n

A mediados de siglo tuvo lugar un importante crecimiento de la poblaci\u00f3n, que deriv\u00f3 en un r\u00e1pido incremento de precios y rentas agrarias. El esp\u00edritu ilustrado tuvo un gran impacto en la agricultura. Durante este siglo tuvieron lugar, tanto en Vic\u00e1lvaro como en pueblos de alrededor como Ambroz, numerosas plantaciones de \u00e1lamos, sauces y olmos.<\/p>\n

Catastro del Marqu\u00e9s de la Ensenada<\/h2>\n

El marqu\u00e9s de la Ensenada, Don Zen\u00f3n de Somodevilla y Bengochea, fue ministro del rey Fernando VI de 1746 a 1759. Confeccion\u00f3 un Catastro gracias al cual podemos adquirir gran cantidad de informaci\u00f3n sobre la econom\u00eda de Vic\u00e1lvaro. En \u00e9l se descifra que un gran n\u00famero de las tierras de Vic\u00e1lvaro ten\u00edan un suelo muy pobre o sin cultivar, y que gran parte de los vecinos trabajaban de labradores y jornaleros.<\/p>\n

La Real F\u00e1brica de Tejidos<\/h2>\n

Uno de los cambios m\u00e1s representativos de nuestro antiguo pueblo rural fue la construcci\u00f3n de la Real F\u00e1brica de Tejidos de San Fernando, gracias a la cual muchos vecinos pudieron adquirir un puesto laboral estable. Esta gigantesca f\u00e1brica se ubicaba donde actualmente se encuentra el campus de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Vic\u00e1lvaro, donde tambi\u00e9n m\u00e1s adelante se encontrar\u00e1 un cuartel militar.<\/p>\n

Los reyes comienzan a construir por toda Castilla enormes f\u00e1bricas para manufacturar su propia lana. Para suplir la falta de operarios especializados, el gobierno acoge trabajadores cualificados de otros pa\u00edses. Existe un registro de la propia parroquia de Vic\u00e1lvaro que habla de un maestro tejedor irland\u00e9s que emigr\u00f3 a Espa\u00f1a por orden del rey, con el objetivo de ense\u00f1ar a las ni\u00f1as del pueblo la destreza del hilado. A pesar de todo, la relaci\u00f3n calidad-coste de los productos no fue competitiva, por lo que la f\u00e1brica acab\u00f3 siendo trasladada a Brihuega.<\/p>\n

Galer\u00eda<\/h2>\n
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Un pueblo cuyos vecinos se dedican, en gran parte, a la fabricaci\u00f3n de yeso y piedra, adem\u00e1s del transporte de paja. Contexto En comparaci\u00f3n con el decadente siglo\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":205,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9156","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nSiglo XVIII - Asociaci\u00f3n Vicus Albus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vicusalbus.org\/?page_id=9156\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Siglo XVIII - Asociaci\u00f3n Vicus Albus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un pueblo cuyos vecinos se dedican, en gran parte, a la fabricaci\u00f3n de yeso y piedra, adem\u00e1s del transporte de paja. 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